On new magnetic actions, and on the magnetic On the induction of electric currents ; On the On the source of power in the voltaic pile c. Die galvanische Kette. On the position of a crystal of sulphate of iron Identity of electricities derived from different On induction, continued. On the electricity evolved by the friction of On the crystalline polarity of bismuth and other On a new law of electric conduction ; On Terrestrial magneto-electric induction ; Force On the magnetization of light and the Add this page to your Mendeley Library.
And, although I have since corrected and changed some parts, the copies which I had made of it at that time may serve for proof that I have yet added nothing to it save some conjectures touching the formation of Iceland Crystal, and a novel observation on the refraction of Rock Crystal And it must be noted that it is special to the plane through GCF and to those which are parallel to it, that all incident rays which are in one of these planes continue to be in it after they have entered the Crystal and have become double; for it is quite otherwise for rays in all other planes which intersect the Crystal, as we shall see afterwards.
Dan rated it really liked it Feb 23, We will call this section the principal section of the Crystal. Let us pass now to the explanation of the effects of Refraction, assuming, as we have done, the passage of waves of light through transparent bodies, and the diminution of velocity which these same waves suffer in them. I will add here, before passing away, that in comparing together the regular and irregular refraction of this crystal, there is this remarkable fact, that if ABPS be the spheroid by which light spreads in the Crystal in a certain space of time which spreading, as has been said, serves for the irregular refractionthen the inscribed sphere BVST is the extension in the same space of time of the light which serves for the regular refraction.
I have even been under some necessity to make this research, because the refractions of this Crystal seemed to overturn our preceding explanation of regular refraction; which explanation, on the contrary, they strongly confirm, as will be seen after they have been brought under the same principle.
Des Cartes, whose aim has been to treat all the subjects of Physics intelligibly, and who assuredly has succeeded in this better than any one before him, has said nothing that is not full of difficulties, or even inconceivable, in dealing with Light and its properties. Consequently I saw that the axis of this angle, that is to say the straight line which traversed the crystal from the point C with equal inclination to the edges CF, CA, CB was the line which determined the position of the axis of all the spheroidal waves which one imagined to originate from some point, taken within or on the surface of the crystal, since all these spheroids ought to be alike, and have their axes parallel to one another.
He recounts moreover some other properties of this Crystal; to wit, that when rubbed against cloth it attracts straws and other light things as do amber, diamond, glass, and Spanish wax. However, one will see hereafter that we have to suppose such an equality not so much as a necessity for the propagation of light as for rendering that propagation easier and more powerful; for it is not beyond the limits of probability that the particles of the ether have been made equal for a purpose so important as that of light, at least in that vast space which is beyond the region of atmosphere and which seems to serve only to transmit the light of the Sun and the Stars.
This ratio is, in glass, very nearly as 3 to 2; and in water very nearly as 4 to 3; and is likewise different in other diaphanous bodies.
A nice impression of the properties of light are oon in this book. Christiaan Huygens was born on 14 April in The Tdeatise, into a rich and influential Dutch family, the second son of Constantijn Huygens. Taking, then, the parallelopiped AFB, of which christiaann obtuse solid angle C is contained between the three equal plane angles, and imagining in it the three principal sections, one of which is perpendicular to the face DC and passes through the edge CF, another perpendicular to the face BF passing through the edge CA, and the third perpendicular to the face AF passing through the edge BC; I knew that the refractions of the incident rays belonging to these three planes were all similar.
The pieces of it which are found have the figure of an oblique parallelepiped; each of the six faces being a parallelogram; and it admits of being split in three directions parallel to two of these opposed faces. But in this Crystal the perpendicular ray suffers refraction, and there are chrlstiaan rays which pass through it quite straight. No trivia or quizzes yet. All that I have just said has been likewise remarked by Mr. For having had cut from it some well polished Prisms of different sections, I remarked in all, in viewing through them the flame of a candle or the lead of window panes, that everything appeared double, though with images not very distant from one another.
For, the point H having been christiaam and marked, as aforesaid, directly above the point E, I observed the appearance of the line Treztise, which is made by the extraordinary refraction; and having placed the eye at Q, so that this appearance made a straight line with the line KL viewed without refraction, I ascertained the triangles REH, RES, and consequently the angles RSH, RES, which the incident and the refracted ray make with the perpendicular. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read.
Because on the hjygens and the water quitting the upper part of the glass tube, it appears that it is immediately filled with ethereal matter, since light passes across it. So that the cause huygenz the spreading of Sound is the effort which these little bodies make in collisions with one another, to regain freedom when they are a little more squeezed together in the circuit of these waves than elsewhere.
This wave is then represented by the circumference SNR, the centre of which is A, and its semi-diameter equal to two-thirds of CB. Now it appears that AK and BL dip down toward the side where the air is less easy to penetrate: And so it may occur that when it ought not to be visible in the absence of vapours, because the trewtise AE encounters the rotundity of the Earth, it will be perceived in the cchristiaan AF by refraction.
But this angle EAF is scarcely ever more than half a degree because the attenuation of the vapours alters the waves of light but little. For I have found that on striking with a ball of glass or of agate against a large and quite thick thick piece of the same substance which had a flat surface, slightly soiled with trreatise or in hutgens other way, there remained round marks, of smaller or larger size according as the blow had been weak or strong.
For although the particular waves produced by the particles comprised within the space Treatse spread also outside this space, they yet do not concur at the same instant to compose a wave which terminates the movement, as they do chrishiaan at the circumference CE, which is their common tangent. I would believe then that those who love to know the Causes of things and who are able to admire the marvels of Light, will find some satisfaction in these various speculations regarding it, and in the new explanation of its famous property which is the main foundation of the construction of our eyes and of those great inventions which extend so vastly the use of them.
For it is easy to see that all the cchristiaan circumferences will touch the same BN, from B up to the point of contact N, which is the same point where AN falls perpendicularly treatisw BN. When I say plane, that does not signify a perfect evenness, but such as has been understood in treating of reflexion, and for the same reason. And, therefore, the time of the light along HF, supposing that the ray had been OF, would be equal to the time along BG in the interior of the medium C.
For the smallness of the particles of quicksilver, for example, being such that one must conceive millions of them, in the smallest visible surface proposed, arranged like a heap of grains of sand which has been flattened as much as it is capable of being, this surface then becomes for our purpose as even as a polished glass is: Stefano Spezia rated it really liked it Sep 12, This appears from the passages which I have indicated where I leave certain difficulties without having resolved them, and still more from matters which I have not touched at all, such as Luminous Bodies of several sorts, and all that concerns Colours; in which no one until now can boast of having succeeded.
Whence it is easy to recognize this chief property of refraction, namely that the Sine of the angle DAE has always the same ratio to the Sine of the angle NAF, whatever be the inclination of the ray DA: Wherefore I here desire to propound what I have meditated on the subject, so as to contribute as much as I can to the explanation of this department of Natural Science, which, not without reason, is reputed to be one of its most difficult parts.
To wit, when things which have been demonstrated by the Principles that have been assumed correspond perfectly to the phenomena which experiment has brought under observation; especially when there are a great number of them, and further, principally, when one can imagine and foresee new phenomena which ought to follow from the hypotheses which one employs, and when one finds that therein the fact corresponds to our prevision.
And suppose that a ray has come from A, by B, to C, having been refracted at B according to the law demonstrated a little before; that is to say that, having drawn PBQ, which cuts the plane at right angles, let the sine of the angle ABP have to the sine of the angle CBQ the same ratio as the velocity of light in the medium where A is to the velocity of light in the medium where C is.
I recognize myself to be much indebted to those who were the first to begin to dissipate the strange obscurity in which these things were enveloped, and to give us hope that they might be explained by intelligible reasoning. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website.
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